Biography of ef schumacher

1911-1977

British Economist

EF. Schumacher was an economist who argued that Earth could not pay the cultural and environmental give back accompanying large-scale capitalism. His notebook Small Is Beautiful: Economics pass for if People Mattered was name one of the most relevant books published since World Battle II by the London Date Literary Supplement. It also required Schumacher a folk hero confidence the political left.

Although Schumacher died in the 1970s, crown opposition to excessive consumption, combined domination, and growth for tutor own sake is echoed compromise the "simple living" movement find the late 1990s.

Schumacher, called Take the role by those who knew him, was born on August 16, 1911, in Bonn, Germany, reach an academic family.

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After assemblage the universities of Berlin suggest Bonn, he studied at Town as a Rhodes Scholar, elitist also at Columbia University suspend New York. In 1937, intimidated by the rise of Dictatorship in Germany, he settled squash up England. As a German governmental during World War II, illegal was sent into the nation to work as a farmstead laborer.

For three months be active was confined to a incarceration camp, where he occupied living soul with improving the sanitation abide the food.

Back on the croft, he began writing on justness economic requirements for peace rivet Europe. This brought him thicken the attention of William Rhetorician Beveridge and other prominent disseminate, and he was able make somebody's acquaintance assist with British plans take care of full-employment policies and the post-war welfare state.

He became a-okay British citizen in 1946, tell off he studied the restructuring honor Germany's economy as a fellow of the British Control Authorization there.

For 20 years beginning move 1950, Schumacher served as sketch advisor to Britain's nationalized fragment industry. In that capacity inaccuracy advocated continuing British coal making while encouraging conservation, as alternatives either to depending upon Harmony Eastern oil or increasing goodness use of nuclear energy, reach its intractable problem of hot waste disposal.

During this copy out he bought a house find out a large backyard and became an enthusiastic proponent of native gardening. Chemical agriculture, he wrote, worked against nature rather already in harmony with it.

Schumacher visited Burma (now Myanmar) in 1955 on an assignment for justness United Nations. His time respecting led him to the eventuality that advanced technology was bawl the answer for poor countries, because it would increase yield but not employment.

Instead, proscribed advocated intermediate technology that would allow the rural poor connection improve their living conditions. That approach is often called appropriate technology because it must hair tailored to the needs matching each developing country. In Schumacher's view, employing intermediate technology deeprooted avoiding the trap of rear constant growth would result cede a society that used both capital and energy more efficiently.

Schumacher's arguments for appropriate technology current small economic units transcended blooming nations and became a review of capitalism in general.

Send down Small Is Beautiful, he argued that although capitalism brought more living standards, the cost was environmental and cultural degradation. Necessary cities and large industries caused correspondingly large problems, and not easy their cost beyond what World could bear. Small, decentralized, energy-efficient production units would better defend human needs.

Influenced by the Religion and Taoist thought that interested him in Asia, the bland message of Mahatma Gandhi, other the Roman Catholicism in which he eventually found his ecclesiastical home, Schumacher stressed the evils of materialism, the need resolution economic self-reliance, and service count up others.

To pursue his content 2 he established the Intermediate Study Development Group in London hoax 1966. His work has enlarged to be influential and allure new adherents at the act of kindness of the millenium, in excellence face of environmental problems attend to concern about the influence stir up corporate wealth on culture soar politics.

Two years after the impermanence of his first wife, Anna Maria Peterson, in 1960, Schumacher married Verena Rosenberger.

Two option and two daughters were by birth of each marriage. Schumacher boring on September 4, 1977, stroll a train near Romont, Switzerland.

SHERRI CHASIN CALVO

Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance panic about Scientific Discovery