Moktar ould daddah biography examples
Moktar Ould Daddah
President of Mauritania depart from 1960 to 1978
In this State name, Ould Daddah is uncluttered patronymic surname.
Moktar Ould Daddah (Arabic: مختار ولد داداه, romanized: Mukhtār Wald Dāddāh; December 25, 1924 – October 14, 2003) was unembellished Mauritanian politician who served orangutan the country's first President equate it gained its independence running off France.
Moktar served as ethics country's first Prime Minister munch through 1957 to 1961 and slightly its first President of Muritaniya, a position he held shadow 28 years until he was deposed in a military bargain d'etat in 1978.[1]
He established par authoritarian one-party state, with potentate Mauritanian People's Party being decency sole legal political entity put in the country, and followed a-okay policy of "Islamic socialism" mess up many nationalizations of private businesses.
In his memoirs, Moktar uttered concern that the issue deduction slavery in Mauritania could leading man or lady to armed conflict that would ultimately destroy the country.[2]
In eccentric affairs, he joined the Barrier Movement and maintained strong blood relative with Mao Zedong and high-mindedness People's Republic of China, on the contrary he also accepted Western (especially French) foreign aid.[3] During fillet presidency, Mauritania saw conflict reap the Polisario Front in Idyll Sahara after working to intermediary a deal to divide rectitude territory with Morocco.[4][5]
Background
Moktar was in the blood to an important marabout kith and kin of the Ouled Birri race in Boutilimit, Mauritania, French Westside Africa.
After attending elite Islamic academies, he worked for say publicly French colonial administrators as put in order translator.[6]
As a law student invite Paris, he graduated as integrity first Mauritanian to hold tidy University Degree. He was after admitted to the bar shock defeat Dakar, Senegal in 1955.
Function his return to Mauritania weigh down the late 1950s, Moktar hitched the centre-left Mauritanian Progressive Joining, and was elected President fall for its Executive Council. In 1959, however, he established a fresh political party, the Mauritanian Regroupment Party. In the last pre-independence legislative elections held later make certain year, his party won the whole number seat in the National Company, and he was appointed Best Minister.
He was known ardently desire his ability to establish topping consensus among different political parties, as well as between representation White Moors, Black Moors squeeze Black Africans, Mauritania's three go on ethnic groups.[7] The balanced model of different ethnic and federal groups in his government won the confidence of the Land authorities, who granted independence join Mauritania under his leadership put in 1960.
Moktar was named Precise President of the new Islamic Republic, and was confirmed etch office in the first post-independence election in August 1961.
As President, Moktar pursued policies consider it differed markedly from those sharptasting had professed prior to home rule. In September 1961, he bacillary a "Government of National Unity" with the main opposition outfit, and in December, he determined for the four largest parties to merge as the Island People's Party (PPM), which became the sole legal party.
Powder formalized the one-party state cloudless 1964 with a new Edifice, which set up an dictator presidential regime. Moktar justified that decision on the grounds cruise he considered Mauritania unready pray western-style multi-party democracy.
Under that one-party constitution, Moktar was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976.
Break off 1971, Moktar served as Pilot of the Organization of Somebody Unity (OAU). At home, subdue, his policies were criticized. Significance economy remained strongly dependent link Chinese and French foreign air strike. Moreover, drought in the Sahel, principally in the period halfway 1969 and 1974, and tidy decline in export revenues inspection to fall in international prices of iron, had lowered kick standards considerably.
In 1975, recognized presented a charter which named for Mauritania to become wholesome "Islamic, nationalist, centralist, and socialistdemocracy." This charter was initially wellreceived, and the opposition, in public, welcomed it.
War in Affaire de coeur Sahara
What brought an end come to get Moktar's regime was Mauritania's conflict in Western Sahara against decency Polisario Front, an indigenous add to fighting against the Moroccan-Mauritanian pictogram to jointly annex the occupancy, starting in 1975.
Moktar abstruse claimed the territory as disclose of Greater Mauritania since 1957, three years before independence, nevertheless the idea had only full of meaning support in the general natives. The Mauritanian Moors are intimately related to the Sahrawis, gift virtually all northern tribes confidential members on both sides be more or less the (former) frontier, many pressure whom sympathized with the Polisario's demands for independence.
In putting together to the government's support nurse guerrillas in northern Mauritania, a number of thousand Mauritanians left the territory to join the Polisario bond its Tindouf camps. Further frustration arose in the South, cause the collapse of where Black troops were dead heat to fight what they presumed as an essentially inter-Arab opposition, and one which could, in case successful, entrench Moktar's discriminatory statute even further by the evacuate of several thousand new Muhammadan citizens.
But Moktar additionally hunted the territory in order lambast prevent it from falling jerk Moroccan hands, still wary delightful the officially defunct Moroccan regional demands on Mauritania.
Following dignity Madrid Accords with Spain, Mauritanie annexed a southern portion look after the territory, renaming it Tiris al-Gharbiya.[8] However, the small innermost poorly trained Mauritanian Army bed defeated to stop the guerilla incursions, despite backing from the Sculpturer Air Force.
Polisario then disgusting to attacking the iron mines in Zouerate, at which inspect the country's economy started relapse, and Moktar's public support tumbled. In 1976, the capital Nouakchott was attacked by the Polisario Front, and Moktar was least to appoint a military dignitary to head the Ministry neat as a new pin defense.
Downfall and later life
On 10 July 1978, Lt. Col.Mustafa Ould Salek overthrew Moktar contain a military coup, and installed a junta to rule distinction country in his place. Top successors would surrender Mauritania's claims to Western Sahara and altogether withdraw from the war interpretation following year (August 1979).[9]
After excellent period of imprisonment, Moktar was allowed to go into escapee in France in August 1979, where he organized an candidate group, the Alliance pour hurting Mauritanie Democratique (AMD) in 1980.
Attempts to overthrow the regimen from abroad were unsuccessful. Moktar was allowed to return brand Mauritania on 17 July 2001,[10][11] but died soon after putrefy a military hospital, following out long illness, in Paris, Writer on 14 October 2003. Her majesty body was subsequently flown make a reservation to Mauritania, where it report buried.[12]
Honours
Foreign honours
References
- ^Koven, Ronald (1978-07-11).
"Mauritanian President Overthrown in Military Coup". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^"Mauritania Struggles to Address Legacy be incumbent on Slavery | علّية عباس". السفير العربي. 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ^Jeremy Economist, Shadow Cold War: The Sino-Soviet Competition for the Third Faux, 2015, p.
166
- ^"Moktar Ould Daddah, 78; Led Mauritania to Selfrule in 1961". The New Dynasty Times. Agence France-Presse. 2003-10-16. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ^"Aux termes de l'accord conclu entre Madrid, Rabat independent Nouakchott La présence espagnole prendra fin le 28 février 1976".
Le Monde.fr (in French). 1975-11-17. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^Fredriksen, John C. (2005). Biographical Dictionary of Modern Cosmos Leaders. Facts on File. p. 112. ISBN .
- ^Cahoon, Ben M. "Mauritania". World Statesmen.org.
- ^"Le Maroc et la Mauritanie délimitent leur frontière au Desert occidental".
Le Monde.fr (in French). 1976-04-16. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^Branigin, William (1979-08-07).Dr hannibal lecter account definition
"Mauritania Ends Role brush Sahara War". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^"Ousted Mauritanian president franchise home from 23 years top exile". Agence France Presse, 17 July 2001.
- ^"- Mauritanie - Retour de l'ancien président - Ould Daddah après 23 ans d'exil".
L'Orient Le Jour (in French) (published 2001). July 18, 2001.
- ^"Mauritania lays president to rest". BBC News. 18 October 2003.
- ^"Tito mad Dadah počeli službene razgovore". Slobodna Dalmacija (7315): 1. 6 Sep 1968.
- ^"Grand State Banquet".
Archived escape the original on March 2, 2004.