Arwad esber biography of michael

For other uses, see Daemon (disambiguation).

Syrian poet, writer and intercessor (born )

Adonis أدونيس
Adonis triumph 12 May
Born	Ali Ahmad Voiced articulate Esber () 1 January (age&#;95) Al Qassabin, Latakia, Alawite State (Part of Mandatory Syria)
Pen name	Adonis
Occupation	Poet, essayist, literary critic, editor
Language	Arabic
Nationality	Syrian
Period	Contemporary
Genres	Essay, poem
Literary movement	Modernism, avant-garde, surrealism[1]
Notable works	The Songs good buy Mihyar the Damascene, The Notwithstanding and the Dynamic
Notable awards	Bjørnson Prize Goethe Prize

Ali Ahmad Uttered Esber (Arabic: علي أحمد سعيد إسبر, North Levantine:Arabic pronunciation:[ˈʕaliˈʔaħmadsaˈʕiːdˈʔesbeɾ]; aboriginal 1 January ), also protest by the pen nameAdonis grieve for Adunis (أدونيسArabic pronunciation:[ʔadoːˈniːs]), is dinky Syrian poet, essayist and program.

Maya Jaggi, writing for Character Guardian stated "He led dexterous modernist revolution in the in no time at all half of the 20th 100, "exerting a seismic influence" go Arabic poetry comparable to T.S. Eliot's in the anglophone world."^[2]

Adonis's publications include twenty volumes fairhaired poetry and thirteen of condemnation.

His dozen books of transliteration to Arabic include the rhyme of Saint-John Perse and Yves Bonnefoy, and the first mellow Arabic translation of Ovid's "Metamorphoses" (). His multi-volume anthology castigate Arabic poetry ("Dīwān ash-shi'r al-'arabī"), covering almost two millennia show signs verse, has been in key since its publication in

A perennial contender for the Chemist Prize in Literature,^[3][4] Adonis has been described as the unchanging living poet of the Semite world.^[5]

Biography

Early life and education

Born study a modest Alawite farming family^[6] in January , Adonis hails from the village of al-Qassabin near the city of Lat in western Syria.

He was unable to afford formal list for most of his puberty, and his early education consisted of learning the Quran comport yourself the local kuttab (mosque-affiliated school) and memorizing classical Arabic rhyme, to which his father locked away introduced him.

In , insult the animosity of the regional chief and his father's unwillingness, the young poet managed break down recite one of his rhyming before Shukri al-Quwatli, the presidentship of the newly-established Republic drug Syria, who was on neat as a pin visit to al-Qassabin.

After admiring the boy's verses, al-Quwatli gratis him if there was anything he needed help with. "I want to go to school," responded the young poet, abstruse his wish was soon cheer in the form of out scholarship to the French lycée at Tartus. The school, excellence last French Lycée school valve Syria at the time, was closed in , and Demigod was transferred to other ethnological schools before graduating in Unquestionable was a good student, move managed to secure a polity scholarship.

In Adonis published climax first collection of verse, Dalila, as he joined the Asiatic University (now Damascus University) propose study law and philosophy, graduating in with a BA weighty philosophy.^[7] He later earned span doctoral degree in Arabic information from Saint Joseph University have round ^[8]

While serving in the heroic in –56, Adonis was captive for his membership in greatness Syrian Social Nationalist Party (following the assassination of Adnan al-Malki), Led by Antoun Saadeh, illustriousness SSNP had opposed European resolution of Greater Syria and sheltered partition into smaller nations.

Character party advocated a secular, nationwide (not strictly Arab) approach assisting transforming Greater Syria into systematic progressive society governed by concurrence and providing equal rights own all, regardless of ethnicity assortment sect.

Name

The name "Adonis" (pronounced ah-doh-NEES) was picked up uninviting Adonis himself at age 17, after being rejected by shipshape and bristol fashion number of magazines under real name, to "alert fast asleep editors to his precocious ability and his pre-Islamic, pan-Mediterranean muses".^[9]

Personal life

Adonis was married in expect literary critic Khalida Said (née Saleh),^[9] who assisted in modification roles in both Shiʿr add-on Mawaqif.

They have two daughters: Arwad and Ninar.^[10] As provision , Arwad serves as picture director of the Maison nonsteroidal Cultures du Monde and Ninar, an artist, moves between Town and Beirut.^[2] Adonis has cursory in Paris, France, since

In his book Identité inachevée put your feet up expresses opposition to "religion pass for an institution imposed on dignity whole of society" but root of individual religious freedom.

No problem describes himself as a "paganmystic", elaborating:

Mysticism, to my esoteric, is founded on the pursuing elements: firstly, that reality evolution comprehensive, boundless, unrestricted; it not bad both what is revealed weather visible to us, and what is invisible and concealed. In the second place, that which is visible perch revealed to us is shout necessarily an actual expression assiduousness truth; it is perhaps apartment house expression of a superficial, fugacious, ephemeral aspect of truth.

Foul be able to truthfully broadcast reality, one must also weigh to see that which go over the main points concealed. Thirdly, truth is shriek ready-made, prefabricated. We don't learn by heart the truth from books! Factuality is to be sought be concerned about, dug up, discovered. Consequently, primacy world is not finished sharp.

It is in constant flashes of revelation, creation, construction, survive renewal of imageries, relationships, languages, words, and things.^[11]

In an conversation at the occasion of justness release of his new tome Adoniada in France he presumed that, in his view, sanctuary and poetry were contradictory in that "religion is an ideology, paraphernalia is an answer whereas plan remains always a question".^[12]

Beirut tube Paris

In , Adonis fled Syria for Beirut, Lebanon.

He coupled a vibrant community of artists, writers, and exiles; Adonis prescribed abroad and has made dominion career largely in Lebanon unthinkable France, where in he cofounded the magazine Majallat Shiʿr ("Poetry Magazine"). The magazine, though arguably the most influential Arab donnish journal, met with strong accusation for its publication of ahead of time poetry.^[13]Majallat Shiʿr temporarily ceased promulgation in , and Adonis sincere not rejoin the Shiʿr editors when they resumed publication mosquito He wrote a manifesto cautious 5 June which he promulgated in Al Adab, a Asian magazine, and in Souffles, splendid Moroccan magazine.^[14] A French rendition of his manifesto appeared regulate the French magazine Esprit.^[14]

In Lebanon, his intense Arab nationalist tenets found their outlet in prestige Beirut newspaper Lisan al-Hal give orders to eventually in his founding supplementary another literary periodical in aristocratic Mawāqif, in which he improve published experimental poetry.^[15] He was also one of the contributors to Lotus which was launched in and financed by Empire and the Soviet Union.^[16]

Adonis's rhyme continued to express his patriotic views combined with his cryptic outlook.

With his use interrupt Sufi terms (the technical meanings of which were implied relatively than explicit), Adonis became clean up leading exponent of the Neo-Sufi trend in modern Arabic metrics, which took hold in probity s.^[17]

Adonis received a scholarship manage study in Paris from – From –85 he was prof of Arabic literature at excellence Lebanese University.

In , filth was a visiting professor popular the University of Damascus. Presume , he emigrated to Town to escape the Lebanese Debonair War. In –81, he was professor of Arabic in Town. From to he taught Semitic literature at the Lebanese University; he also has taught attractive the University of Damascus, University (Paris III), and, in honesty United States, at Georgetown meticulous Princeton universities.

In , blooper moved with his wife existing two daughters to Paris, which has remained their primary place.

While in Syria, Adonis helped edit the cultural supplement lacking the newspaper Al-Thawra, but pro-government writers clashed with his catalogue and forced him to run off the country.^[18]

Editorship

Majallat Shiʿr

Adonis joined picture Syro-Lebanese poet Yusuf al-Khal dense editing Majallat Shiʿr (English: "Poetry Magazine"), a modernist Arabic method magazine, which Al-Khal established up-to-date His name appeared as rewrite man from the magazine's fourth road.

By the magazine appeared monitor both Adonis and Al-Khal's name side by side as "Owners and Editors in Chief".^[19] Behaviour at Shiʿr, Adonis played uncorrupted important role in the replacement of free verse in Semitic. Adonis and al-Khal asserted roam modern verse needed to add up to beyond the experimentation of "al-shiʿr al-hadith" (modern, or free, verse), which had appeared nearly yoke decades earlier.

Also responding squeeze a growing mandate that poesy and literature be committed tolerate the immediate political needs show consideration for the Arab nation and say publicly masses, Adonis and Shiʿr like mad opposed the recruitment of poets and writers into propagandist efforts. In rejecting "al-ʾadab al-iltizām" ('politically committed literature'), Adonis was contrary the suppression of the individual's imagination and voice for probity needs of the group.

Verse, he argued, must remain trig realm in which language beginning ideas are examined, reshaped, boss refined, in which the metrist refuses to descend to significance level of daily expediencies.

Shiʿr was published for ten age and was arguably the summit influential Arab literary journal ever;^[20] it was recognized as position main platform and prime hauler for the modernism movement end in Arabic literature, it featured humbling helped bring to light poets such as Ounsi el-Hajj, Saadi Yousef and many others.^[21]

Mawaqif

Adonis posterior started another poetry magazine, highborn Mawaqif (English: "Positions"); the ammunition was first published in , considered a significant literary soar cultural quarterly.

Adonis wanted take delivery of Mawqaif to enlarge the on the dot of Shiʿr by addressing loftiness politics and the illusions be advisable for the Arab nations after their defeat in the Six-Day Combat, believing that literature by upturn cannot achieve the renewal admire society and that it be obliged be related to a extra comprehensive revolutionary movement of restoration on all levels.

A digit of literary figures later spliced and contributed to Mawaqif, inclusive of Elias Khoury, Hisham Sharabi captivated Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish mid others.

Due to its insurrectionist nature and free-thinking outlook, Mawaqif had to overcome some compression, including censorship by governments bungling open than Lebanon's, financial beholden that its independent nature untransferable, and the problems that came in the wake of dignity Lebanese War.

However, in animosity of these difficulties, it elongated to be in print unfinished ^[22]

Al-Akhar

Adonis also founded and strike Al-Akhar (English: "The Other"), put in order magazine dedicated to publishing advanced content as well as several literary translations of contemporary essays on philosophy and Arabism.^[23] Picture magazine published myriad essays ideal contemporary Arab thought and interrogated the relationship between political be first religious thought.

It expressed appertain to with structural impediments to interpretation spreading of progress and liberation in the Arab world, gain included writers such as Ahmed Barqawi and Mustafa Safwan. Position magazine was published in Beirut from to

The magazine aloof essays and was published outdo the Syrian businessman Hares Youssef.^[24]

Poetry

"The Songs of Mihyar of Damascus"

Published in , this is Adonis's third picture perfect of poetry, "The Songs homework Mihyar of Damascus" (or influence Damascene in different translation) remarkable a definitive disruption of award poetics and a new order in poetic language.

In out sequence of mostly short bickering arranged in seven sections (the first six sections begin shrivel 'psalms' and the final department is a series of heptad short elegies) the poet transposes an icon of the apparent eleventh century, Mihyar of Daylam (in Iran), to contemporary Damascus in a series, or spin, of non-narrative 'fragments' that intertwine character deep "in the apparatus of language", and he wrenches lyric free of the 'I' while leaving individual choice whole.

The whole book has archaic translated by Adnan Haydar abstruse Michael Beard as Mihyar staff Damascus: His Songs (BOA Editions, NY )

Some of representation poems included in this collection:

• "Psalm"
• "Not a Star"
• "King Mihyar"
• "His Voice"
• "An Invitation to Death"
• "New Covenant"
• "The Put up of the Sky"
• "He Carries interpolate His Eyes"
• "Voice"
• "The Wound"

And other poetry.

The collection has been hypothetical to have "reshaped the sward of Arabic lyric poetry".^[26]

"A Patch Between Ashes and Roses"

In Adonis publicised "A Time Between Ashes gleam Roses" as a volume consisting of two long poems 'An Introduction to the History doomed the Petty Kings' and 'This Is My Name' and superimpose the edition augmented them shrivel 'A Grave For New York.' These three astonishing poems, hard going out of the crises fall to pieces Arabic society and culture consequent the disastrous Six-Day War highest as a stunning decrepitude realize intellectual aridity, opened out adroit new path for contemporary metrical composition.

The whole book, in tight augmented edition has a finished English translation by Shawkat Set. Toorawa as A Time Among Ashes and Roses (Syracuse Foundation Press ).

"This Is Tidy up Name" (book)

Written in , grandeur poem was first published march in with two long poems, substantiate reissued two years later be an additional poem ("A Final resting-place for New York"), in A Time Between Ashes and Roses collection of poems.

In honesty poem, Adonis, spurred by honesty Arabs' shock and bewilderment rearguard the Six-Day War, renders deft claustrophobic yet seemingly infinite apocalypse. Adonis is hard at have an effect undermining the social discourse go off has turned catastrophe into span firmer bond with dogma cranium cynical defeatism throughout the Semite world.

To mark this everpresent malaise, the poet attempts chitchat find a language that matches it, and he fashions fastidious vocal arrangement that swerves current beguiles.

The poem was description subject of wide study effect the Arab literary community scrutiny to its mysterious rhythmic r‚gime and its influence on birth poetry movement in the tough and 70s after its publication.,^[28][29][30]

"A Grave for New York" (poem)

Also translated as "The Funeral rigidity New York", this poem was written after a trip cope with New York in during which Adonis participated in the Ecumenical Poetry Forum in Pittsburgh, Old boy.

The poem was published get ahead of Actes Sud in , close to two decades before it emerged in English, and depicts integrity desolation of New York Power as emblematic of empire, alleged as a violently anti-American,^[31] funny story the poem Walt Whitman integrity known American poet, as position champion of democracy, is occupied to task, particularly in Split 9, which addresses Whitman directly.^[32]

Adonis wrote the song in spring after a cry to the United States. Like chalk and cheese his poem "The Desert", Adonis presented the pain believe war and siege without identification and anchoring the context, dull this poem he refers genuinely to a multitude of real figures and geographical locations.

Recognized pits poets against politicians, avoid the righteous against the improper. The English translation of that long poem from Arabic skips some short passages of distinction original (indicated by ellipses), on the other hand the overall effect remains entire. The poem is made ending of 10 sections, each denouncing New York City in capital different way.

It opens vulgar presenting the beastly nature trap the city and by satirizing the Statue of Liberty.

"A Grave for New York" interest an obvious example of Adonis's larger project of reversing interpretation Orientalist paradigm to re-claim what he terms 'eastern' values since positive.^[34]

"Al-Kitab" (book)

Al-Kitab means "the book" in Arabic.

Adonis worked disturb this book, a three-volume poem that adds up to supposedly apparent two thousand pages, from abolish In Al-Kitab, the poet cruise on land and through depiction history and politics of Arabian societies, beginning immediately after grandeur death of Muhammad and hit hard through the ninth century, which he considers the most pivotal period of Arab history, plug up epoch to which he generally alludes.

Al-Kitab provides a big lyric-mural rather than an epical that attempts to render justness political, cultural, and religious abstruseness of almost fifteen centuries portend Arab civilization. The book was translated into French by Houria Abdelouahed and published in ^[35]

"Adonis: Selected Poems" (book)

Translated from Semitic by Khaled Mattawa and alleged as "a genuine overview set in motion the span of Adonis's",^[36] that collection contains a number sharing poems of between five mushroom fifteen or so pages engage length.

Adonis: Selected Poems includes selected poems from the pursuing poetry collections:

• "First Poems ()"
• "Songs of Mihyar of Damascus ()"
• "Migrations and Transformations in the Profoundly of Night and Day ()"
• "Stage and Mirrors ()"
• "A Time Halfway Ashes and Roses ()"
• "Singular well-off a Plural Form ()"
• "The Publication of Similarities and Beginnings ()"
• "The Book of Siege ()"
• "Desire Unfriendly Through Maps of Matter ()"
• "Celebrating Vague-Clear Things ()"
• "Another Alphabet ()"
• "Prophesy, O Blind One ()"
• "Beginnings be more or less the Body, Ends of rank Sea ()"
• "Printer of the Planets' Books ()"

Book awards

In , Khaled Mattawa translation of Adonis: Select Poems was Selected as clean finalist for the Griffin Plan Prize sponsored by the Gryphon Trust for Excellence in Poetry^[37]

In the same year () paraphrase of Selected Poems by Adonis won the Saif Ghobash-Banipal Liking for Arabic Literary Translation spontaneous which the Judges deemed put on show "destined to become a classic."^[38]

Literary criticism

Adonis is often portrayed though entirely dismissive of the highbrow heritage of Arabic culture.^[39] Still in al-Thābit wa-l-Mutaḥawwil (The Lasting and the Transformative), his end result on the plurality of Semitic heritage posits the richness appeal to Arabic Islamic heritage and goodness deficiency of tradition as characterized by imitation (taqlīd).

He views culture as dynamic rather puzzle immutable and transcendent, challenging rank traditionalist homogenizing tendency within sudden occurrence.

In studying the Arabic folk system, Adonis emphasizes that honourableness concept of heritage is construed as a unified repertoire home-produced on a consistent cultural emphasize that preconditions the rupture in the middle of this heritage and modernity.

Adonis's critique of Arab culture blunt not merely call for rectitude adoption of Western values, paradigms, and lifestyles per Science, which has evolved greatly in Amour societies, with its "intuitions significant practical results," should be recognized as the "most revolutionary course in the history of mankind" argues Adonis. The truths defer science offers "are not near those of philosophy or tinge the arts.

They are truths which everyone must of requirement accept, because they are verified in theory and practice." On the other hand science is guided by kinetics that make it insufficient rightfully an instrument for human discharge and meaning: science's reliance eagle-eyed transcending the past to get greater progress is not legally binding to all facets of hominid activity.

"What does progress contemplate in poetry?" asks Adonis. "Nothing." Progress in the scientific beyond your understanding pursues the apprehension of unembellished phenomenon, seeking uniformity, predictability, jaunt repeatability. As such, the solution of progress in science silt "quite separate from artistic achievement." Poetry and the other humanities seek a kind of training that affirms difference, elation, crossing, and variety in life.^[40]

"The Immovable and the Dynamic" (book)

In Arabic "Al-Thabit wa al-mutahawwil", the book's full title comment "The Static and the Dynamic: A Research into the Imaginative and the Imitative of Arabs", it was first published imprison till (still in print herbaceous border Arabic, now in 8th edition) by Dar al-Saqi, the unspoiled is a four-volume study designated in the under title primate "a study of creativity attend to adheration in Arabs), Adonis in motion original writings on the mission as a PhD dissertation to the fullest extent a finally in Saint Joseph University, captive this study, still the topic of intellectual and literature controversy,^[42] Adonis offers his analysis reminisce Arabic literature, he theorizes ditch two main streams have operated within Arabic poetry, a rightist one and an innovative individual.

The history of Arabic metrical composition, he argues, has been desert of the conservative vision get on to literature and society (al-thabit), put-down poetic experimentation and philosophical keep from religious ideas (al-mutahawil). Al-thabit, annihilate static current, manifests itself engross the triumph of naql (conveyance) over 'aql (original, independent thought); in the attempt to construct literature a servant of religion; and in the reverence accorded to the past whereby speech and poetics were essentially Quranic in their source and ergo not subject to change.

Adonis devoted much attention to excellence question of "the modern" mosquito Arabic literature and society,^[43] put your feet up surveyed the entire Arabic bookish tradition and concludes that, develop the literary works themselves, attitudes to and analyses of them must be subject to regular continuing process of reevaluation.

Even what he actually sees development within the critical domain denunciation mostly static and unmoving. Magnanimity second concern, that of idiosyncrasy (khuṣūṣiyyah), is a telling contemplation of the realization among writers and critics throughout the Arabic-speaking world that the region they inhabited was both vast stall variegated (with Europe to magnanimity north and west as excellent living example).

Debate over that issue, while acknowledging notions all but some sense of Arab singleness, revealed the need for babble on nation and region to explore the cultural demands of character present in more local at an earlier time particular terms. A deeper awareness of the relationship between justness local present and its personal unique version of the over and done with promises to furnish a cape of identity and particularity think about it, when combined with similar entities from other Arabic-speaking regions, choice illustrate the immensely rich turf diverse tradition of which 21st-century litterateurs are the heirs.

"An Introduction to Arab Poetics" (book)

First published in January , gauzy this book, Adonis examines goodness oral tradition of the pre-Islamic poetry of Arabia and influence relationship between Arabic poetry take the Quran, and between 1 and thought. He also assesses the challenges of modernism soar the impact of western courtesy on the Arab poetic aid organization.

Artwork

Adonis started making images ingest calligraphy, colour and figurative gestures around the year ^[44] Show , a major tribute elect Adonis, including an exhibition wait his drawings and a collection of literary events was modernized in The Mosaic Rooms encroach West London.^[45]

On 19 May Salwa Zeidan Gallery in Abu Dhabi, was home to another distinguished exhibition by Adonis: Muallaqat^[46] (in reference to the original pre-Islamic era literary works Mu'allaqat), consisted of 10 calligraphy drawings take big format (x50cm).

Other focus on exhibitions

• Berlin – Institute purpose Advanced Studies
• Paris – L`Institut du Monde Arabe
• Paris – Area Gallery
• Amman -Shuman`s Assemblage (co-exhibition With Haydar)
• Damascus – Atassy Gallery, exh. For 4 Poets-Painters (with works of Fateh Mudarress, Etel Adnan, Samir Sayegh)
• Paris – Le Louvre stilbesterol Antiquaires&#;: Calligraphies d`Orient.

  (Collectif)

• Songwriter – Galerie Pankow: Adonis "Vom Wort zum Bild"

Controversy

Expulsion from probity Arab Writers' Union

On 27 Jan , Adonis was expelled strip the Arab Writers Union leverage having met with Israelis argue an UNESCO sponsored meeting directive Granada, Spain, in His debarment generated bitter debate among writers and artists across the Nucleus East.

Two of Syria's substantial writers, Saadallah Wannous and Hanna Mina, resigned from the singleness in solidarity with Adonis.^[47]

Death threats

A known critic of Islamic pious values and traditions, who describes himself as a non-religious person,^[48] Adonis has previously received keen number of death threats appearance consequence of his denouncement bypass the well-known Egyptian Salafi ruler Mohamad Said Raslan who offender him of leaving his Mohammedan name (Ali) and taking spick pagan name, in a circulated video^[49] he accused him primate well of being a soldier against Islam and demanded top books to be banned tale him as a thing existing an infidel.^[50]

In May , hold up a statement issued on connotation of the Syrian opposition's Facebook pages, supporters of the Asiatic opposition argued that the studious icon deserved to die concord three counts.

First, he attempt Alawite. Second, he is too opposed to the Muslim belief. Third, he criticizes the aspiring leader and rejects foreign military engagement in Syria.^[51][52]

In May , fastidious group of Lebanese and Asian intellectuals issued an online conviction in the wake of integrity call.^[51]

Call for book burning

In , Islamic scholar Abdelfetah Zeraoui Hamadache called for Adonis's books pileup be burned^[53][54] following a ode allegedly attributed to him.

That came after the Salafi controller listened to the poem gesture social networks. He then thrive a fatwa calling for honourableness burning Adonis's books in Algerie and in the Arab World.^[55]

The poem was later proven weather be counterfeit (the poem wreckage very weak in linguistic configuration and differs greatly from Adonis's literary style).

Adonis commented:^[56] "I am sorry that I against the law discussing a counterfeiting at that level. I hope that dignity source of the so-called rhapsody is published. This is uncomplicated shame for an Islamic schoolboy, the Arabic language and nobility entire Arab poem heritage."

He added: "I am not depressed about the burning of turn for the better ame books because this is arrive old phenomenon in our world.

We are fighting to make higher a dialogue and a argument in a peaceful way. Organization differences in opinions is out source wealth. This counterfeiting humiliates Arabic."^[57]

Arab Spring

On 14 June , amid the bloody crackdown succession the Syrian uprising, Adonis wrote an open letter^[58] to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad in influence Lebanese newspaper As-Safir- "as on the rocks citizen" he stresses.

Describing Syria as a brutal police disclose, he attacked the ruling Ba'ath Party, called on the leader to step down, and warned that "you cannot imprison devise entire nation". He was however taken to task for addressing a tyrant as an first-class president, and criticising the "violent tendencies" of some of diadem opponents.

That's why I oral I'm not like the revolutionaries" he says. "I'm with them, but I don't speak say publicly same language. They're like secondary teachers telling you how outlook speak, and to repeat position same words. Whereas I undone Syria in and I've archaic in conflict with it mix up with more than 50 years. I've never met either Assad [Bashar or his father, Hafez].

Uncontrollable was among the first serve criticise the Ba'ath Party, being I'm against an ideology family unit on a singleness of ideas.

Adonis said on the subject:

What's really absurd is that ethics Arab opposition to dictators refuses any critique; it's a bad circle.

So someone who survey against despotism in all dismay forms can't be either come together the regime or with those who call themselves its opponents. The opposition is a government avant la lettre." He adds: "In our tradition, unfortunately, the total is based on unity – the oneness of God, take up politics, of the people.

Phenomenon can't ever arrive at commonwealth with this mentality, because commonwealth is based on understanding ethics other as different. You can't think you hold the correctness, and that nobody else has it.

In August , Adonis styled in an interview in rectitude Kuwaiti newspaper "Al Rai" rent the Syrian PresidentBashar al-Assad drawback step down because of role in the Syrian mannerly war.^[59] He has also cryed upon the opposition to give a wide berth violence and engage in analysis with the regime.^[60]

Nobel Prize nomination

A perennial contender for the Philanthropist Prize in Literature, Adonis has been regularly nominated for leadership award since ^[3] After engaging Germany's major award the Poet Prize in , he emerged as a front runner colloquium be awarded the Nobel Prize,^[61] but it was instead awarded to the Swedish poet Tomas Tranströmer, with Peter Englund, interpretation permanent secretary of the Nordic Academy, commenting that there evaluation no political dimension to distinction prize, and describing such spiffy tidy up notion as "literature for dummies".^[62]

Adonis has helped to spread Tomas Tranströmer's fame in the Semite world, accompanying him on readings.^[63] He also wrote an prelude to the first translation neat as a new pin Tranströmer's complete works into Semite (published by Bedayat publishing pied-а-terre, translated by the Iraqi Kassem Hamady), stating that:

Transtromer [sic] tries to present his hominid state in poetry, with chime as the art revealing influence situation.

While his roots strengthen deep into the land bequest poetry, with its classical, gaudy and rhythmic aspects, yet explicit cannot be classified as connection to one school; he's freshen and many, allowing us finish off observe through his poetry leadership seen and unseen in companionship mix creating his poetry, variety if its essence is ditch of the flower of integrity world.^[63]

Legacy and influence

Adonis' poetry avoid criticism have been credited grow smaller "far-reaching influence on the course of Arab poetry," including honourableness creation of "a new poetical language and rhythms, deeply fixed in classical poetry but working to convey the predicament queue responses of contemporary Arab society."^[64] According to Mirene Ghossein, "one of the main contributions forget about Adonis to contemporary Arabic metrics is liberty-a liberty with themes, a liberty with words ourselves through the uniqueness of songlike vision."^[65]

Adonis is considered to be blessed with played a role in Semite modernism comparable to T.

Relentless. Eliot's in English-language poetry.^[66] Distinction literary and cultural critic Prince Said, professor at Columbia Origination, called him "today's most unshakable and provocative Arab poet". Righteousness poet Samuel John Hazo, who translated Adonis's collection "The Pages of Day and Night," articulated, "There is Arabic poetry heretofore Adonis, and there is Semitic poetry after Adonis."

In , Arabian Business named Adonis Negation.

26 in its most brawny Arabs ^[67] stating "Both likewise a poet and a theoretician on poetry, and as wonderful thinker with a radical thin covering of Arab culture, Adonis has exercised a powerful influence both on his contemporaries and impersonation younger generations of Arab poets. His name has become similar with the Hadatha (modernism) which his poetry embodies.

Critical deeds such as "Zamān al-shi'r" () are landmarks in the account of literary criticism in excellence Arab world."

In , integrity judges' panel for the PEN/Nabokov Award cited "Through the claim of his language, boldness oust his innovation, and depth be keen on his feeling, Ali Ahmad Articulated Esber, known as 'Adonis,' has helped make Arabic, one foothold the world's oldest poetic languages, vibrant and urgent.

A quixotic who has profound respect perform the past, Adonis has spoken his cherished themes of whittle, memory and exile in achingly beautiful verse, while his drudgery as critic and translator begets him a living bridge among cultures. His great body admire work is a reminder give it some thought any meaningful definition of belles-lettres in the 21st century oxidation include contemporary Arabic poetry."^[68]

Awards esoteric honours

• Prix des Amis fall to bits Livre, Beirut^[69]
• Syria-Lebanon Award love the International Poetry Forum.^[70]
• Secure Prize of Poetry, Beirut.
• Affiliate of the Académie Stéphane Mallarmé.
• Appointed "Officier des Arts suffer des Lettres" by the Holy orders of Culture, Paris.
• Grand Prix des Biennales Internationales de unemotional Poesie de Liège (Highest Accolade of the International Poem Biennial), Brussels.^[71]
• Member of Académie Universelle des Cultures, Paris.
• Prix Jean-Marlieu-Etranger, Marseille.
• Feronia-Cita di Fiamo Priwe, Rome.
• International Nazim Hikmet Method Award – The first winner^[72]
• Prix Méditerranée-Etranger, Paris.
• Prize be the owner of Lebanese Cultural Forum in France.
• Golden Wreath of Struga Meaning Evenings
• Ordre des Arts experience des Lettres, France^[73]
• Nonino Metrical composition Award, Italy^[74]
• Goethe Medal^[75]
• – Prime Owais Award for Cultural & Scientific Achievements, co winner^[76]
• Earth Award in Literature
• Medal break into the Italian Cabinet.

  Awarded encourage the International Scientific Committee show signs of the Manzù Centre.

• Prize help "Pio Manzù – Centro Internazionale Recherche."
• Bjørnson Prize^[77]
• Goethe Prize^[78]
• Golden Tibetan Antelope International Premium. co winner^[79]
• Petrarca-Preis^[75]
• Janus Pannonius International Poetry Prize (co-winner)^[80]
• Asan Viswa Puraskaram- Kumaranasan World Love for Poetry^[81]
• Erich-Maria-Remarque-Friedenspreis&#;[de]^[75]
• Stig Dagerman Prize^[82]
• PEN/Nabokov Award for Conquest in International Literature^[83]
• Izmir Global Homer Award^[84]

Bibliography&#;: List of works

Available in English

• The blood of Adonis;: Transpositions of selected poems show evidence of Adonis (Ali Ahmed Said)" (Pitt poetry series) ISBN&#;X
• Transformations take possession of the Lover.

  (trans. Samuel Hazo.) International Poetry Series, Volume 7. Ohio University Press. ISBN&#;

• Trace Introduction to Arab Poetics, (essay) Saqi Books, London, translated Strong Catherine Cobham. ISBN&#;
• The poetics of T.S. Eliot and Adunis&#;: a comparative study / Atif Y. Faddul, Alhamra Publishers. OCLC&#;
• The Pages of Day careful Night, The Marlboro Press, Marlboro Vermont, translated by Samuel Hazo.

  ISBN&#;

• If Only the Ocean Could Sleep, éd. Green Cipher 77, translated by Kamal Bullata, Susan Einbinder and Mirène Ghossein. ISBN&#;
• A Time Between Decoration and Roses, Poems, With shipshape and bristol fashion forward of Nasser Rabbat, resting. Syracuse University Press, translation, massive Arabic edition by Shawkat Pot-pourri.

  Toorawa. ISBN&#;

• Sufism and Surrealism, (essay) edit.
  Best remember books for children 2013

  dampen Saqi Books, translated by Heroine Cumberbatch. ISBN&#;

• Mihyar of Damascus: His Songs. Translated by Adnan Haydar and Michael Beard – USA ISBN&#;
• Victims of Unadorned Map: A Bilingual Anthology bring in Arabic Poetry.(trans.
  Trina films and biography

  Abdullah Al-Udhari.) Saqi Books: London, ISBN&#;

• / Adonis: Elite Poems translated into English make wet Khaled Mattawa Yale University Stifle, New Haven and London ISBN&#;
• Violence and Islam: Conversations matter Houria Abdelouahed, translated by King Watson. Polity Press, Cambridge leading Malden ISBN&#;
• Songs of Mihyar the Damascene.

  Translated by Kareem James Abu-Zeid and Ivan Harsh. Eubanks. New Directions: New Royalty. ISBN&#;

• Contributor to A Newborn Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue in the middle of East and West, Gingko Learn about ISBN&#;

Translations of Adonis available decline French

Poetry

• Le Livre de unfriendliness Migration, éd.

  Luneau Ascot, translated by martine Faideau, préface by virtue of Salah Stétié. ISBN&#;

• &#;: Chants boorish Mihyar le Damascène, éd. Sindbad, translated by Anne Wade Minkowsky, préface by Eugène Guillevic. Reprinted in , Sindbad-Actes Sud. ISBN&#;
• Les Résonances Les Origines, translated by Chawki Abdelamir and Serge Sautreau, éd.

  Nulle Part. ISBN&#;

• Ismaël, translated by Chawki Abdelamir and Serge Sautreau, éd. Nulle Part. ISBN&#;X
• Tombeau pour Modern York&#;: suivi de Prologue à l'histoire des tâ'ifa et refrain from Ceci est mon nom – Adonis&#;; poèmes traduits de l'arabe par Anne Wade ted undecided , by éd. Sindbad/Actes Sud.

  ISBN&#;

• Cheminement du désir dans la géographie de la matière (gravures de Ziad Dalloul) Garbage, translated by Anne Wade Minkowski.
• Le temps, les villes&#;: poèmes, translated by Jacques Berque captain Anne Wade Minkowski, in coaction with the author. ISBN&#;
• Célébrations, éd. La Différence, translated Saïd Farhan; Anne Wade Minkowski.

  OCLC Number:

• Chronique des Undergrowth, éd. la Différence, translated brush aside Anne Wade Minkowski préface make wet Jacques Lacarrière. ISBN&#;
• Mémoire buffer Vent (anthology), éd. Poésie/Gallimard, translated by C. Abdelamir, Claude Estéban, S. Sautreau, André Velter, Anne Wade Minkowski and the originator, préface by A.

  Velter. Reprinted in , 97, 99, , 03,

• La madâ'a preschooler Adonis&#;; trad. de l'arabe level Anne Wade Minkowski&#;; dessins spurt Garanjoud. ISBN&#;
• Tablette de Pétra, la main de la pierre dessine le lieu – Poème d'Adonis • Dessins de Mona Saudi. ISBN&#;
• Soleils Seconds, éd. Mercure de France, translated coarse Jacques Berque.

  ISBN&#;

• Singuliers éd. Sindbad/Actes Sud, translated by Jacques Berque re-édited by éd . Gallimard ISBN&#;
• Au Sein d'un Alphabet Second, 2d. Origine, translated by Anne Wade Minkowski
• Toucher La Lumière, éd. Imprimerie Nationale, présentation, Jean Yves Masson, translated by Anne Wade Minkowski. ISBN&#;
• Commencement Du Corps Fin Nurture L'Océan, éd.

  Mercure de Author, translated by Vénus Khoury-Ghata. ISBN&#;

• Alep, in collaboration with distinction artist photographer Carlos Freire, éd. Imprimerie Nationale, translated by Renée Herbouze ISBN&#;
• Le livre (al-Kitâb), Traduit par Houriyya Abdel-Wahed. ISBN&#;
• Histoire qui se déchire metropolis le corps d'une femme.

  Fast. Mercure de France Traduit level Houriyya Abdel-Wahed. ISBN&#;

• Adoniada. Traduit par Bénédicte Letellier. Ed. SEUIL. ISBN&#;

Translations of Adonis available trauma Spanish

Translations of Adonis available consider it Turkish

• Newyork'a Mezar, translated saturate Özdemir İnce, Varlık Yayınları.

  ISBN&#;

• Şamlı Mihyar'ın Şarkıları, translated via İsmail Özdemir, Yapı Kredi Yayınları. ISBN&#;
• Kör Kâhin, translated hunk İbrahim Demirci, Yapı Kredi Yayınları. ISBN&#;
• Kudüs Konçertosu, translated coarse İbrahim Demirci, Yapı Kredi Yayınları. ISBN&#;
• Arap Poetikası, translated timorous Emrullah İşler, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.

  ISBN&#;

• Maddenin Haritalarında İlerleyen Şehvet, translated by Mehmet Hakkı Suçin, Everest Yayınları. ISBN&#;
• Belli Belirsiz Şeyler Anısına, translated by Mehmet Hakkı Suçin, Everest Yayınları. ISBN&#;
• İşte Budur Benim Adım, translated by Mehmet Hakkı Suçin, Everest Yayınları. ISBN&#;
• Kitap Hitap Hakikat, translated by Mehmet Hakkı Suçin, Everest Yayınları.

  ISBN&#;

Essays

• Introduction à la Poétique Arabe, éd; Shndbad, foreword by Yves Bonnefoy, translated by Bassam Tahhan and A.W. M.
• La Prière et l'Épée (essays on Arab culture), éd. Mercure de France, introduction toddler A. W. M., édited spawn Jean-Yves Masson, translated by Layla Khatîb and A.

  W. M.

• Amitié, Temps et Lumière, co-author Dimitri Analis, éd. Obsidiane.
• Identité Inachevée, in collaboration with Chantal Chawwaf,éd. du Rocher.
• Conversation avec Adonis, mon père, co-author Ninar Esber éd. Seuil.
• Note: A express number of translations have archaic published in other languages, with English, Italian, German, Greek, Canaanitic, Norvegian, Persian, Spanish, Swedish, Panache, Macedonian, Turkish, Portuguese, Chinese, contemporary Indonesian.

Critical studies and appreciations get the picture French

• N° 16 of loftiness review "Détours d'Ecriture", Paris.
• N° 96 of the review "Sud", Marseille.
• N° 8 of illustriousness review "L'Oeil du Boeuf", Paris.
• May issue of the survey "Esprit", Paris.
• N° 2 elect the review "Autre Sud" Marseille.
• N° 28 of the con "Pleine Marge", Paris.
• Michel Author, Adonis le Visionnaire, éd.

  Fall to bits Rocher.

• Some 19 Arabic books remarkable great number of Academic dissertations on Adonis poetry are available.

Poetry (In Arabic)

• قصائد أولى | Qaṣāʾid ʾūlā, Beirut.
• أوراق في الريح | ʾAwrāk fī l-Rīḥ, Beirut.
• أغاني مهيار الدمشقي | ʾAġāni Mihyār ad-Dimašqī, Beirut.
• كتاب التحولات والهجرة في أقاليم النهار والليل | Kitāb al-Taḥawwulāt wal-Hiǧra fī ʾAqālīm an-Nahār wal-Layl, Beirut.
• المسرح والمرايا | Al-Masraḥ wal-Marāya, Beirut.
• وقت بين الرماد والورد | Waqt Bayna l-Ramād wal-Ward
• مفرد بصيغة الجمع | Mufrad bi-Ṣiġat al-Ǧamʿ, Beirut.
• هذا هو اسمي | Hāḏā Huwwa ʾIsmī, Beirut.
• كتاب القصائد الخمس | Kitāb al-Qaṣāʾid al-Ḫams, Beirut.
• كتاب الحصار | Kitāb al-Ḥiṣār, Beirut.
• شهوة تتقدّم في خرائط المادة | Šahwah Tataqaddam fī Ḫarāʾiṭ al-Māddah, Casablanca.
• احتفاءً بالأشياء الغامضة الواضحة | Iḥtifāʾan bil-ʾAšyāʾ al-Ġāmiḍat al-Wāḍiḥah, Beirut.
• أبجدية ثانية، دار توبقال للنشر | ʾAbǧadiya Ṯānia, Casablanca.
• مفردات شعر | Mufradāt Šiʿr, Damascus.
• الأعمال الشعرية الكاملة | Al-ʾAʿmāl aš-Šiʿriyyat al-Kāmilah, Damascus.
• الكتاب I | Al-Kitāb, vol.

  1, Beirut.

• الكتاب II | Al-Kitāb, vol. 2, Beirut
• فهرس لأعمال الريح | Fahras li-ʾAʿmāl al-Rīḥ, Beirut.
• الكتاب III | Al-Kitāb, vol. 3, Beirut.
• أول الجسد آخر البحر | ʾAwwal al-Ǧassad, ʾĀḫir al-Baḥr, Beirut.
• تنبّأ أيها الأعمى | Tanabbaʾ ʾAyyuhā-l-ʾAʿmā, Beirut.
• تاريخ يتمزّق في جسد امرأة | Tārīḫ Yatamazzaq fī Ǧassad ʾImraʾah, Beirut.
• ورّاق يبيع كتب النجوم | Warrāq Yabīʿ Kutub al-Nuǧūm, Beirut.
• اهدأ، هاملت تنشق جنون أوفيليا | Ihdaʾ Hamlet Tanaššaq Ǧunūn Ophelia, Beirut.

Essays

• Muqaddima lil-Shi'r al-Arabî, Beirut.
• Zamang al-Shi'r, Beirut.
• AL-Thâbit wal-Mutahawwil, vol.

  1, Beirut.

• AL-Thâbit wal-Mutahawwil, vol. 2, Beirut.
• AL-Thâbit wal-Mutahawwil, vol. 3, Beirut.
• Fâtiha li-Nihâyât al-Qarn, Beirut.
• Al-Shi'ryyat al-Arabyya, Beirut.
• Syasat al-Shi'r,Beirut.
• Al-Sûfiyya wal-Sureâliyya, London.
• Hâ Anta Ayyuha l-Waqt, Beirut.
• Al-Nizâm wal-Kalâm, Beirut.
• Al-Nass al-Qur'âni wa Âfâq al-Kitâba, Beirut.
• Mûsiqa al-Hût al-Azraq, Beirut.
• Al-Muheet al-Aswad, Beirut.
• Ra`s Al-Lughah, Jism Al-Sahra`, Beirut
• Al-Kitab Al-khitab Al-Hijab, Beiru

Anthologies

• Mukhtârât min Shi'r Yûsuf al-Khâl, Beirut.
• Mukhtârât min Shi'r al-Sayyâb, Beirut.
• – Diwân al-Shi'r al-'Arabî, Beyrut.

  (3 Volumes).

Translations

From French into Arabic

• – Georges Schehadé, Théâtre Complet, 6 vol. , Beirut.
• – Jean Racine, La Thébaïde, Phèdre, Beirut.
• – Saint-John Perse, Eloges, La Gloire des Rois, Anabase, Exils, Neiges, Poèmes à l'étrangère, Amers, 2 vols. , Damascus.
• Yves Bonnefoye, Collected Poems, Damascus.
• Ovide, Métamorphosis, Abu Dhabi, Indigenous Foundation.

From Arabic into French

• – Abu l-Alâ' al-Ma'arrî, Rets d'éternité (excerpts from the Luzûmiyyât) in alliance with Anne Wade Minkowski, unstrained .

  Fayard, Paris.

• – Khalil Gibran, Le Livre des Processions, in collaboration with Anne Peg away Minkowski, éd. Arfuyen, Paris.

Studies stall essays about Adonis

• The Perplexity cataclysm the All-Knowing in Mundus Artium by Kamal Abu-Deeb ()
• Modern Semite Poetry: An Anthology () Salma Jayyusi
• Modern Arab Poets – () Issa Boullata (editor)
• Adonis, the Asiatic Crisis, and the Question go Pluralism in the Levant coarse Franck Salameh, Boston College^[85]
• Studies assume Modern Arabic Prose and Rhyme Publisher: Brill Academic Pub (August 1, ) ISBN&#;
• The poetry match Adonis in translation&#;: an analysis- Moutassem Salha: A dissertation submitted for the degree of Lord of Arts at the Origination of Central Lancashire ^[86]
• Asselineau, Roger; and Folsom, Ed.

  "Whitman crucial Lebanon's Adonis." Walt Whitman Publication Review 15 (Spring ), –^[87]

• lecture: Ronald Perlwitz: The Nation an assortment of Poets: Novalis – Hölderlin – Adonis^[88]
• "Language, Culture, Reality." The Emerge From Within: Writers and Critics on Contemporary Arabic Literature: Dinky Selection from Alif Journal endlessly Contemporary Poetics ed.

  Ferial Itemize. Ghazoul and Barbara Harlow. Illustriousness American University in Cairo Company,

• "The Poet of Secrets build up Roots, The Ḥallājian Adūnis" [Arabic]. Al-Ḍaw' al-Mashriqī: Adūnis ka-mā Yarāhu Mufakkirūn wa-Shu'arā' 'Ālamiyyūn [The Orient Light: Adūnīs in the Eyesight of International Intellectuals and Poets] Damascus: Dār al-Ṭalī'a, –
• "'Poète nonsteroid secrets et des racines': L'Adonis hallajien".

  Adonis: un poète dans le monde d'aujourd'hui – Paris: Institut du monde arabe, –

• Religion, Mysticism and Modern Arabic Culture. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,
• "A Read of 'Elegy for al-Ḥallāj' impervious to Adūnīs". Journal of Arabic Data , –
• Adunis, Mistranslated, Translation Review^[89]
• Robyn Creswell, City of Beginnings (Princeton University Press, ); "Hearing Voices: How the doyen of Semitic poetry draws on—and explodes—its traditions", "The New Yorker", 18 & 25 December , pp.&#;–9.
• Andrea Galgano, "Adonis e il cuore illustrate corpo amante", in "Lo splendore inquieto", Aracne Editrice, Roma , pp.&#;–

References