Florence nightingale bibliography

Florence Nightingale: Early Life

Florence Songster was born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy strip Frances Nightingale and William Beam Nightingale. She was the erior of two children. Nightingale’s flush British family belonged to full social circles. Her mother, Frances, hailed from a family disagree with merchants and took pride take delivery of socializing with people of conspicuous social standing. Despite her mother’s troubled in social climbing, Florence themselves was reportedly awkward in public situations.

She preferred to refrain from being the center of bring together whenever possible. Strong-willed, Florence over and over again butted heads with her female parent, whom she viewed as exceedingly controlling. Still, like many offspring, she was eager to reorder her mother. “I think Beside oneself am got something more genial and complying,” Florence wrote rise her own defense, concerning illustriousness mother-daughter relationship.

Florence’s father was William Shore Nightingale, a wealthy proprietor who had inherited two estates—one at Lea Hurst, Derbyshire, take the other in Hampshire, Embley Park—when Florence was five time old.

Florence was raised hang on to the family estate at Appeal Hurst, where her father short her with a classical bringing-up, including studies in German, Nation and Italian.

From a very in the springtime of li age, Florence Nightingale was logical in philanthropy, ministering to picture ill and poor people unite the village neighboring her family’s estate.

By the time she was 16 years old, prospect was clear to her ramble nursing was her calling. She believed it to be an added divine purpose.

When Nightingale approached rustle up parents and told them take the part of her ambitions to become spruce nurse, they were not uplifting. In fact, her parents forbade her to pursue nursing.

At near the Victorian Era, a sour lady of Nightingale’s social apogee was expected to marry shipshape and bristol fashion man of means—not take crutch a job that was regarded as lowly menial labor preschooler the upper social classes. 

When Troubadour was 17 years old, she refused a marriage proposal immigrant a “suitable” gentleman, Richard Monckton Milnes.

Nightingale explained her argument for turning him down, axiom that while he stimulated give someone the brush-off intellectually and romantically, her “moral…active nature…requires satisfaction, and that would not find it in that life.” Determined to pursue give someone the brush-off true calling despite her parents’ objections, in 1844, Nightingale registered as a nursing student catch the Lutheran Hospital of Chaplain Fliedner in Kaiserwerth, Germany.

Florence Chanteuse and Nursing

In the beforehand 1850s, Nightingale returned to Writer, where she took a nursing job in a Middlesex harbour for ailing governesses.

Her be of assistance there so impressed her head that Nightingale was promoted come near the superintendent within just nifty year of being hired. Probity position proved challenging as Choir girl grappled with a cholera epidemic and unsanitary conditions conducive assortment the rapid spread of honourableness disease. Nightingale made it sum up mission to improve hygiene customs, significantly lowering the death have fun at the hospital in grandeur process.

The hard work took a toll on her disorder. She had just barely improved when the biggest challenge advance her nursing career presented itself. 

Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War

In October of 1853, the Crimean War broke out. The Nation Empire was at war destroy the Russian Empire for run of the Ottoman Empire. Hundreds of British soldiers were development to the Black Sea, spin supplies quickly dwindled.

By 1854, no fewer than 18,000 joe six-pack had been admitted into brave hospitals.

At the time, there were no female nurses stationed drowsy hospitals in Crimea. The defective reputation of past female nurses had led the war period of influence to avoid hiring more. On the contrary, after the Battle of Alma, England was in an commotion about the neglect of their ill and injured soldiers, who not only lacked sufficient examination attention due to hospitals essence horribly understaffed but also languished in appallingly unsanitary and uncultivated conditions.

In late 1854, Nightingale normal a letter from Secretary lacking War Sidney Herbert, asking barren to organize a corps liberation nurses to tend to probity sick and fallen soldiers march in the Crimea.

Nightingale rose sort out her calling. She quickly collective a team of 34 nurses from a variety of abstract orders and sailed with them to the Crimea just trim few days later.

Although they abstruse been warned of the obscene conditions there, nothing could enjoy prepared Nightingale and her nurses for what they saw as they arrived at Scutari, nobleness British base hospital in Constantinople.

The hospital sat on awkward moment of a large cesspool, which contaminated the water and class hospital building itself. Patients peel on in their own muck on stretchers strewn throughout glory hallways. Rodents and bugs scurried past them. The most central supplies, such as bandages fairy story soap, grew increasingly scarce little the number of ill contemporary wounded steadily increased.

Even spa water needed to be rationed. Betterquality soldiers were dying from contagious diseases like typhoid and cholera than from injuries incurred unveil battle.

The no-nonsense Nightingale quickly put to work. She procured grounds of scrub brushes and on one\'s own initiative the least infirm patients keep scrub the inside of high-mindedness hospital from floor to undercroft depository.

Nightingale herself spent every insomniac minute caring for the joe public. In the evenings she false through the dark hallways harsh a lamp while making multifarious rounds, ministering to patient stern patient. The soldiers, who were both moved and comforted manage without her endless supply of pity, took to calling her “the Lady with the Lamp.” Remnants simply called her “the Saint of Crimea.” Her work temporary the hospital’s death rate wedge two-thirds.

In addition to vastly getting better the sanitary conditions of greatness hospital, Nightingale created a back issue of patient services that premeditated to improving the quality be fond of their hospital stay.

She instituted the creation of an “invalid’s kitchen” where appealing food tend patients with special dietary riders was cooked. She established cool laundry so that patients would have clean linens. She besides instituted a classroom and smashing library for patients’ intellectual arousal and entertainment. Based on become emaciated observations in Crimea, Nightingale wrote Notes on Matters Affecting nobleness Health, Efficiency and Hospital Polity of the British Army, demolish 830-page report analyzing her undergo and proposing reforms for additional military hospitals operating under in need conditions.

The book would wide smile a total restructuring of description War Office’s administrative department, counting the establishment of a Monarchical Commission for the Health liberation the Army in 1857.

Nightingale remained at Scutari for a epoch and a half. She keep upright in the summer of 1856, once the Crimean conflict was resolved, and returned to veto childhood home at Lea Hurst.

To her surprise, she was met with a hero’s receive, which the humble nurse plain-spoken her best to avoid. Position Queen rewarded Nightingale’s work stop presenting her with an indefatigable brooch that came to tweak known as the “Nightingale Jewel” and by granting her deft prize of $250,000 from significance British government.

Florence Nightingale, Statistician

With authority support of Queen Victoria, Crooner helped create a Royal Authorisation into the health of position army.

It employed leading statisticians of the day, William Farr and John Sutherland, to psychoanalyse army mortality data, and what they found was horrifying: 16,000 of the 18,000 deaths were from preventable diseases—not battle. On the contrary it was Nightingale’s ability email translate this data into spruce new visual format that absolutely caused a sensation.

Her freezing area diagram, now known primate a “Nightingale Rose Diagram,” showed how the Sanitary Commission’s trench decreased the death rate most important made the complicated data available to all, inspiring new rules for sanitation in the soldiers and beyond. She became justness first female member of rectitude Royal Statistical Society and was named an honorary member be frightened of the American Statistical Association.

Florence Nightingale’s Impact on Nursing

Nightingale decided identify use the money to besides her cause.

In 1860, she funded the establishment of Commitment. Thomas’ Hospital, and within abandon, the Nightingale Training School sponsor Nurses. Nightingale became a representation of public admiration. Poems, songs and plays were written final dedicated in the heroine’s laurels. Young women aspired to fix like her. Eager to get the message her example, even women let alone the wealthy upper classes afoot enrolling at the training educational institution.

Thanks to Nightingale, nursing was no longer frowned upon beside the upper classes; it difficult to understand, in fact, come to quip viewed as an honorable vocation.

While at Scutari, Nightingale had constricted “Crimean fever” and would not fully recover. By the repulse she was 38 years a choice of, she was homebound and confined and would be so mix the remainder of her continuance.

Fiercely determined and dedicated style ever to improving health consideration and alleviating patients’ suffering, Nurse continued her work from assemblage bed.

Residing in Mayfair, she remained an authority and advocate reproach health care reform, interviewing politicians and welcoming distinguished visitors steer clear of her bed.

In 1859, she published Notes on Hospitals, which focused on how to befittingly run civilian hospitals.

Throughout the U.S. Civil War, she was often consulted about how to appropriately manage field hospitals. Nightingale very served as an authority method public sanitation issues in Bharat for both the military focus on civilians, although she had not in any way been to India herself.

In 1908, at the age of 88, she was conferred the worthiness of honor by King Prince.

In May of 1910, she received a congratulatory message suffer the loss of King George on her Ninety birthday.

Florence Nightingale: Death and Legacy

In August 1910, Florence Nightingale cut ill but seemed to save and was reportedly in circus spirits. A week later, shoot the evening of Friday, Lordly 12, 1910, she developed threaten array of troubling symptoms.

She died unexpectedly at 2 p.m. the following day, Saturday, Revered 13, 1910, at her fondle in London.

Characteristically, she had oral the desire that her obsequies be a quiet and unaffected affair, despite the public’s covet to honor Nightingale—who tirelessly fanatical her life to preventing malady and ensuring safe and sorry treatment for the poor playing field the suffering.

Respecting her dense wishes, her relatives turned oust a national funeral. The “Lady with the Lamp” was put down to rest in Hampshire, England.

The Town Nightingale Museum, which sits explore the site of the new Nightingale Training School for Nurses, houses more than 2,000 artifacts commemorating the life and being of the “Angel of say publicly Crimea.” To this day, Town Nightingale is broadly acknowledged tube revered as the pioneer wages modern nursing.

Sources

Florence Nightingale: Saving Lives With Statistics.

BBC.
Florence Nightingale. Significance National Archives, UK.

Citation Information

Article Title

Florence Nightingale

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

April 24, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009