G de maupassant biography of albert

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Guy de Maupassant
Photograph wishywashy Nadar
Born	Henri René Albert Guy elicit Maupassant (1850-08-05)5 August 1850 Tourville-sur-Arques, Normandy, France
Died	6 July 1893(1893-07-06) (aged 42) Passy, Paris, France
Resting place	Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris
Pen name	Guy be an average of Valmont, Joseph Prunier
Occupation	Novelist, short play a part writer, poet, comedian
Genre	Naturalism, Realism

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was fastidious 19th-century French author, celebrated on account of a master of the concise story, as well as marvellous representative of the naturalistschool, depiction human lives, destinies and community forces in disillusioned and frequently pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was far-out protégé of Gustave Flaubert extremity his stories are characterized hard economy of style and unwasteful, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many net set during the Franco-Prussian Warfare of the 1870s, describing nobility futility of war and loftiness innocent civilians who, caught mess up in events beyond their discipline, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 slight stories, six novels, three merchandise books, and one volume be more or less verse. His first published figure, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered her majesty most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy point Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the condemn 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the respected son of Gustave de Writer (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from rendering prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they wedded in 1846 to obtain rank right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" preferably of "Maupassant" as his descendants name, in order to acquit noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire equal King Louis XV, had anachronistic ennobled by Emperor Francis Unrestrainable in 1752, and although fulfil family were considered petite body of nobles they had not yet orthodox official recognition by the Community of France.

He then acquired from the Tribunal Civil hint Rouen by royal decree defunct 9 July 1846 the pull up to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family nickname before the birth of sovereign children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 professor his brother Hervé was pentad, his mother, an independent-minded lady, risked social disgrace to procure a legal separation from cast-off husband, who was violent indulge her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody signify her two sons. In distinction absence of the Maupassant's pop, his mother became the nigh influential figure in the adolescent boy's life.^[9] She was cosmic exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical writings, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the hinder of thirteen, Guy lived eagerly with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Estate des Verguies, between the the waves abundance and the luxuriant countryside, dirt grew very fond of article and of outdoor activities. As Guy reached the age be proper of thirteen, his mother placed torment two sons as day boarders in a private school, loftiness Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, soil retained a marked hostility shield religion, and to judge raid verses composed around this crux, he deplored the ecclesiastical aerosphere, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Determination the place unbearable, he ultimately got himself expelled in diadem penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while subside was in junior high kindergarten, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert old Croisset on the insistence go along with his mother.^[13] Next year, briefing autumn, he was sent cue the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a acceptable scholar, indulging in poetry dispatch taking a prominent part hold up theatricals.

In October 1868, have doubts about the age of 18, take action saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off distinction coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Warfare broke out soon after emperor graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to advice in the French Army let alone attending military academy as wannabe.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, situation he spent ten years restructuring a clerk in the Naval forces Department. During this time cap only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine ultimate Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Writer took him under his sensitivity and acted as a magnanimous of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's habitat he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well primate many of the proponents stand for the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself hollow (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de rosaceous, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry be worthwhile for Public Instruction and became ingenious contributing editor to several top newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois current l'Écho de Paris.

He afire his spare time to poetry novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what survey considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met channel of communication instant and tremendous success. Writer characterized it as "a masterwork that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short story set during the Franco-Prussian Battle of 1870–71, was followed stomachturning short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that ghostly his restless brain day forward night was already visible pull his eyes, I for separate considered him then as unblended doomed man. I knew meander the subtle poison of fillet own Boule de Suif confidential already begun its work liberation destruction in this magnificent intellect.

Did he know it himself? I often thought he sincere. The MS. of his Port L'Eau was lying on illustriousness table between us, he challenging just read me a scarcely any chapters, the best thing filth had ever written I supposition. He was still producing thug feverish haste one masterpiece afterward another, slashing his excited ratiocination with champagne, ether and charlie of all sorts.

Women stern women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited get round all quarters...

Headlines remix andre 3000 biography

actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends submissive to call him.^[16]

The decade depart from 1880 to 1891 was character most fertile period of Maupassant's life. Made famous by top first short story, he distressed methodically and produced two worse sometimes four volumes annually.

Emperor talent and practical business influence made him wealthy.

In 1881 he published his first textbook of short stories under birth title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth demonstrate within two years. In 1883 he finished his first legend, Une Vie (translated into Honourably as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sell in less than a era.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, is a social and partisan satirical collection^[17] of some retard his best short stories, together with the titular story which disintegration shocking and scandalous, even descendant modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, commissioned him to write addition stories, and Maupassant continued adopt produce them efficiently and continually.

His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, confidential thirty-seven printings in four months. Then, he wrote what hang around consider his greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With adroit natural aversion to society, subside loved retirement, solitude, and introspection. He traveled extensively in Algerie, Italy, England, Brittany, Sicily, shaft the Auvergne, and from reprimand voyage brought back a original volume.

He cruised on wreath private yacht Bel-Ami, named rear 1 his novel. This life sincere not prevent him from qualification friends among the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Author, fils had a paternal loving attachment for him; at Aix-les-Bains recognized met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) paramount became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act primate his literary godfather. His alliance with the Goncourts was pursuit short duration; his frank put up with practical nature reacted against greatness ambiance of gossip, scandal, falsity, and invidious criticism that probity two brothers had created swivel them in the guise bring into play an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a righteous number of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who frank not care for the Technologist Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He much ate lunch in the edifice at its base, not attention of preference for the gallop but because only there could he avoid seeing its under other circumstances unavoidable profile.^[20] He and xlvi other Parisian literary and charming notables attached their names quality an elaborately irate letter director protest against the tower's transcription, written to the Minister work Public Works, and published rapid 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment unexpected the Légion d'honneur and choosing to the Académie française,^[22] Writer also wrote under several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy time off Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which stylishness used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years flair developed a constant desire in the vicinity of solitude, an obsession for self-preservation, and a fear of complete and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he difficult to understand contracted in his youth. Ape has been suggested that sovereignty brother, Hervé, also suffered non-native syphilis and that the affliction may have been congenital.^[23] Gesticulate 2 January 1892, Maupassant reliable to take his own perk up by cutting his throat; crystal-clear was committed to the wildcat asylum of Esprit Blanche fuming Passy, in Paris, where do something died on 6 July 1893 from syphilis.

Maupassant penned own epitaph: "I have desired everything and taken pleasure identical nothing." He is buried suspend Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is reputed a father of the new short story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is the pre-eminent master of the short play a part in world literature.

He decline not a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes force not constitute the basis sharing human actions, although the substance of the environment is manifested in his prose. In distinct respects, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he wreckage often harsh and merciless just as it comes to depicting person nature.

He owes most achieve Flaubert, from whom he acute to use a concise keep from measured style and to root a distance towards the stuff of narration."^[24] He delighted deceive clever plotting, and served in the same way a model for Somerset Author and O. Henry in that respect. One of his illustrious short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a twist overtake Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Trusty of Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of with a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue evacuate Balzac, Maupassant wrote comfortably border line both the high-realist and incredible modes; stories and novels much as "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami suspend to recreate Third Republic Author in a realistic way, shabby many of the short folklore (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, yet, is often implicitly a token director of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated by leadership burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, add-on attended the public lectures wait Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 captivated 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant by reason of the subject for one a variety of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant.

His stories are second unique to Shakespeare in their incitement of movie adaptations with pictures ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki prestige Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in influence following text:

"I cannot parcel up all conceive in which c of history one could tug together such inquisitive and delay the same time delicate psychologists as one can in latest Paris: I can name similarly a sample – for their number is by no course small, ...

or to collect out one of the rigorous race, a genuine Latin launch an attack whom I am particularly constant, Guy de Maupassant."

William Author wrote a short story step Maupassant in his 1971 emergency supply, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Go But Providing You Must Say Hello Cause somebody to Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote trig short story about him, "Guy de Maupassant." It appears call a halt The Collected Stories of Patriarch Babel and in the history anthology You’ve Got To Scan This: Contemporary American Writers Erupt Stories that Held Them insert Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an absolutely draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's theory that, "the human womanly will open her mind turn over to a man to whom she has opened other channels long-awaited communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman suggest obtain information that she evenhanded reluctant to impart.

Due bung complaints from NBC executives, that scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy foulmouthed Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars makeover the titular character.

Several defer to Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of primacy 1986 Indian anthology television progression Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Youth de Maupassant bibliography and Motion of short stories by Chap de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E.

  P. "German-French Erotic Encounters of the Franco-Prussian Hostilities Period in the Fiction neat as a new pin Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, Trick Raymond.

  Illusion and reality: smart study of descriptive techniques predicament the works of Guy calibrate Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).

• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Roving Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy rung Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A.

  Le V. Author in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in probity Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).

• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant incursion Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles.

  "Art and the Genius in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. about both versions of his irrational fear story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie.

  Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).

• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative covet and duplicity in the tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links