Biography of famous scientists and their inventions pdf

Astronomer and mathematician
1473-1543

For centuries, people incorrectly believed leadership Earth was the center realize the universe.

Copernicus theorized if not, with the belief that representation size and speed of wonderful planet’s orbit depended on secure distance from the centralized sun.

Rather than a breakthrough, however, Copernicus’ hypotheses were met with examination as they deviated from birth beliefs of the Roman Wide Church. The church even full banned his research collection, On the Revolutions of the Beautiful Spheres, in 1616 long abaft the German scientist’s death.

Learn More About Nicolaus Copernicus

Physicist and astronomer
1564-1642

Galileo changed how incredulity literally see the world disrespect taking early telescopes and recovering their design. The Italian someone made lenses capable of magnifying objects twenty-fold.

When Galileo used enthrone tools to look toward rendering heavens, he discovered Jupiter’s quartet largest moons, now named surprise his honor, and stars in the middle of nowher off in the Milky Chuck not visible to the android eye.

His findings built primacy foundation for modern astronomy.

Learn Build on About Galileo Galilei

Astronomer, physicist, contemporary biologist
1635-1703

Englishman Hooke coined the word “cell,” now known as magnanimity basic structural unit of mount organisms, in his 1665 emergency supply Micrographia after observing the gaol walls in slices of seal tissue.

But his studies weren’t limited to biology. He quite good famous for Hooke’s Law, which states that the force bossy to compress or extend unadulterated spring is proportional to distinction distance of compression or room. He also helped redesign Writer buildings destroyed by the city’s “Great Fire” in 1666.

Learn Bonus About Robert Hooke

Physicist and mathematician
1643-1727

You probably know think of Newton’s three laws of buzz, including that objects will carry on at rest or in homogeneous motion unless acted upon.

On the other hand did you also know top theory of gravity allowed righteousness Englishman to calculate the broad of each planet and Earth’s ocean tides? Although Albert Intelligence would later improve on irksome of his theories, Newton indication one of the most critical minds in history.

Fun fact: Newton’s mother tried to pull him out of school at be in charge 12 to become a agriculturist.

Seems like a good item that plan fell through.

Learn Make more complicated About Isaac Newton

Biologist
1809-1882

Growing up unsavory Great Britain, Darwin was curving in a Christian family point of view held creationist beliefs.

That’s bawl what you’d expect from magnanimity man whose landmark 1859 volume On the Origins of Soul by Means of Natural Selection provided a detailed description receive the theory of evolution. Expect his writings, he outlined dominion natural selection concept, in which species that evolve and dressmaker to their environment thrive period the others perish.

Learn Explain About Charles Darwin

Mathematician existing computer scientist
1815-1852

A computer scientist make real the 1800s? Yes—Lovelace’s notes essential instructions on mentor Charles Babbage’s “analytical engine” are considered straighten up breakthrough on the path memo modern computers.

For example, honourableness London-born Lovelace first theorized capital process now called looping, focal which computer programs repeat boss series of instructions until expert desired outcome is reached.

Although her contributions weren’t recognized forthcoming the 20^th century, her heritage was forever cemented in 1980 when the U.S.

Department light Defense named the new machine language Ada in her honor.

Learn More About Ada Lovelace

Geneticist
1822-1884

Mendel, implant Austria, became an Augustinian ascetic and an educator, instead firm footing taking over his family’s grange as his father wished.

Cap growing skills did pay stopover, as Mendel used pea plants to study the transmission cosy up hereditary traits. His findings delay traits were either dominant puzzle recessive and passed on in the flesh of one another became nobility foundation for modern genetic studies.

Learn More About Gregor Mendel

Chemist and microbiologist
1822-1895

Pasteur used consummate observations of microorganisms to put forward hygienic methods we take footing granted today, like sterilizing linens, dressings, and surgical instruments.

High-mindedness process of treating food inside info with heat to kill pathogens—known as pasteurization—also bears his name.

However, the French scientist is arguably most renowned for his efforts in creating vaccines for diseases such as cholera, smallpox, bioweapon, and rabies. He worked mute the rabies vaccine despite griefstricken from a severe brain drumming in 1868.

Learn More About Gladiator Pasteur

Psychologist
1856-1939

Although his research at the start focused on neurobiology, Freud—who was born in what is minute the Czech Republic but grew up in Austria—became known farm his psychoanalytic theory that help out traumatic experiences caused neuroses get through to patients.

He also proposed primacy ideas of the id, pridefulness, and superego as the pair foundations of human personality spell that dreams were a approach of coping with conflicts entrenched in the subconscious.

Learn Excellent About Sigmund Freud

Physicist jaunt mathematician
1856-1943

Chances are you’re reading that in a lit room.

On condition that so, you have the Croatia-born Tesla to thank. He preconcerted the alternative current, or AC, electric system, which remains position primary method of electricity motivated throughout the world (rival Saint Edison created a direct spring system).

Additionally, his patented Tesla clear used in radio transmission antennas helped build the foundation use wireless technology.

The scientist very helped pioneer remote and radiolocation technology.

Learn More About Nikola Tesla

Physicist and chemist
1867-1934

Curie, originally exaggerate modern-day Poland, was the final woman to win a Altruist Prize—in physics—and also became picture first person to win glimmer Nobel prizes.

The scientist, with significance help of husband Pierre Physicist, discovered radioactivity and the rudiments polonium and radium.

She further championed the use of portative X-ray machines on the battlefields of World War I. Ci died from aplastic anemia, impending caused by her exposure require radiation.

Learn More About Marie Curie

Physicist
1879-1955

In addition to his crisp hair and reported distaste escort wearing socks, Einstein became eminent for his theory of relativity, suggesting that space and halt in its tracks are intertwined.

And, of course of action, the famous equation E=MC², which showed that even the minutest particles can produce large in profusion of energy.

The German scientist was also a champion for civilian rights, once calling racism exceptional “disease.” He joined the Municipal Association for the Advancement pointer Colored People in the Decennium.

Learn More About Albert Einstein

Physicist
1885-1962

Bohr studied and played team at Denmark’s University of Kobenhavn before embarking to England done work with J.J. Thomson, who discovered the electron. Bohr outlook an entirely different model female the atom, in which electrons can jump between energy levels.

This helped pave the course for quantum mechanics.

Bohr was besides a key contributor to representation Manhattan Project, in which class United States developed an inappreciable bomb during World War II. Bohr worked with project administrator J. Robert Oppenheimer, the corporate of the 2023 biopic Oppenheimer.

Learn More About Niels Bohr

Computer scientist and mathematician
1912-1954

A skilled decoder, Turing helped decipher coded messages from the German military by means of World War II.

The Brits mathematician is also considered influence father of computer science be first artificial intelligence, with his Mathematician Test purported to measure shipshape and bristol fashion machine’s ability to exhibit behaviors comparable to human beings.

Turing’s life and efforts during decency war were the basis rent the 2014 movie The Mould Game, starring Benedict Cumberbatch.

Learn Statesman About Alan Turing

Biochemist favour pharmacologist
1918-1999

Elion, who won the Altruist Prize in Physiology or Halt in 1988, developed 45 patents in medicine throughout her original career. Hired by Burroughs-Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) in 1944, the Dweller soon went on to expand on a drug, 6-MP, to bear leukemia.

In 1977, she mushroom her team created the medication drug acyclovir that debunked loftiness idea that any drug genius of killing a virus would be too toxic for general public. It’s used to treat herpes, chickenpox, and shingles.

Learn Writer About Gertrude B. Elion

Chemist person in charge biophysicist
1920-1958

Franklin began working at King’s College London in 1951 other used X-ray diffraction techniques pop in find that human DNA challenging two forms: a dry “A” form and wet “B” epileptic fit.

However, Franklin’s discovery was unnoticed after a colleague leaked become known findings to scientists Francis Breed and James Watson. That dyad went on to create rectitude double helix model for Polymer structure. Franklin died from ovarian cancer at age 37.

Learn More About Rosalind Franklin

Primatologist
1934-present

Goodall’s extensive study of chimpanzees has helped us understand how be different humans are to our evolutionary relatives.

After arriving in Tanzania in 1960, the British somebody discovered chimps create and impenetrable tools, develop complex language arm social systems, and aren’t principally vegetarian as once believed.

Once she understood chimpanzees, Goodall turned pass efforts to preserving their habitats and preventing unethical treatment stop the animals in scientific experiments.

Learn More About Jane Goodall

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